International Mobility in the Military Orders

(Twelfth to Fifteenth Centuries)
Travelling on Christ’s Business

Edited by Helen Nicholson and Jochen Burgtorf

• Contents
• Contributors

‘The editors are well equipped for the task. Having this range of studies brought into one volume is sure to be welcomed and the collection is timely – there is growing interest in the infrastructure of the military orders.’ Susan Edgington, Queen Mary, University of London

In studies on mobility in the middle ages, the military religious orders are often neglected or overlooked. However, these orders shared the characteristics of international mobility and networks of extensive geographical proportions with medieval merchants, Jews, pilgrims and, from the early thirteenth century, mendicant friars. The military religious orders, particularly the Templars and Hospitallers, depended on intense west–east contacts for the exchange of personnel, resources and monies.

International Mobility in the Military Orders is the first comprehensive exploration of this topic, bringing together studies on the Templars, Hospitallers, Teutonic Knights and the military religious orders of St Lazarus and of Avis. This collection of essays by seventeen authors from nine different countries highlights a variety of aspects of the military religious orders’ mobility, including the frequency and quality of journeys, the number and types of travellers involved, as well as the reasons for, and the impediments to, travel. The essays are divided into two categories: first, general aspects and individual cases, and secondly, regional studies.

Jochen Burgtorf is Associate Professor of Medieval World History in the Department of History at California State University, Fullerton, USA. He is the author of several articles on the leadership structures and high dignitaries of the Templars and Hospitallers in the Latin east.

Helen Nicholson is Reader in History at Cardiff University, Wales, UK. She has published extensively on the crusades and the military orders, including: The Knights Hospitaller (Woodbridge, 2001) and Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights: Images of the Military Orders (Leicester, 1993).

NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS

JEAN-MARIE ALLARD works at the Bibliotheque municipale de Limoges. He is a member of the Centre des recherches historiques et archeologiques at the Universite de Limoges, where he also received his doctorate degree. He recently published: ‘Templiers et Hospitaliers en Limousin au Moyen Age’, Revue Mabillon 14 (2003; with B. Barriere).

ELENA BELLOMO received her Ph.D. from the Universite Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Milan. She has published numerous articles on the crusades as well as the Templars in northern Italy and has recently completed a book on Caffaro of Genoa: A servizio di Dio e del Santo Sepolcro: Caffaro e l’Oriente latino (Padua, 2003).

PIERRE BONNEAUD received his doctorate degree from the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales in Paris. His research concerning the Hospitaller priory of Catalonia has produced several articles as well as a new book: Le prieure de Catalogne, le couvent de Rhodes et la couronne d’Aragon, 1415–1447 (Millau, 2004).

JUDITH BRONSTEIN teaches in the Department of Land of Israel Studies at the University of Haifa. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Cambridge and has published several articles on the Hospitallers as well as a book, The Hospitallers and the Holy Land: Financing the Latin East, 1187–1274 (Woodbridge, 2005).

JOCHEN BURGTORF is Associate Professor of Medieval World History in the Department of History at California State University, Fullerton. He has published several articles on the Templars and Hospitallers in the Latin east and is currently working on a book concerning the leadership structures of these orders (twelfth to early fourteenth centuries).

MARIA CRISTINA CUNHA is Professor Auxiliar in the Department of History at the Universidade do Porto. Her research focuses on the military orders in Portugal as well as the archiepiscopal chancery of medieval Braga. She has published several articles on the orders of Avis and Calatrava.

ALAIN DEMURGER is Maitre de conferences honoraire in Medieval History at the University de Paris I. He has published extensively on the history of the crusades and the military orders. His books include: Jacques de Molay (Paris, 2002), Chevaliers du Christ (Paris, 2002) and Vie et mort de l’ordre du Temple (Paris, 1985).

AXEL EHLERS earned an M.Phil. from the University of Cambridge and a Ph.D. from the Georg-August-Universitat Gottingen. He has published several articles on the Teutonic Knights as well as on Hartmann Grisar’s ‘unfinished’ edition of papal documents and is currently working on a book concerning the indulgences for the Teutonic Knights.

ALAN FOREY has taught at the universities of Oxford, St Andrews and Durham. His extensive publications include: The Fall of the Templars in the Crown of Aragon (Aldershot, 2001), The Military Orders from the Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Centuries (London, 1992) and The Templars in the Corona de Aragon (London, 1973).

ZSOLT HUNYADI is Assistant Lecturer in the Department of Medieval and Early Modern Hungarian History at the University of Szeged. He recently completed his Ph.D. dissertation on ‘Hospitallers in the medieval kingdom of Hungary, c.1150–1387’ at the Central European University, Budapest. His research has yielded numerous articles.

KAY PETER JANKRIFT is Privatdozent of Medieval History at the Westfilische Wilhelms-Universitat Miinster. His research focuses on the history of medicine and the urban response to famine, epidemics and natural disasters. His extensive publications include a history of the Order of Saint Lazarus: Leprose als Streiter Gottes (Miinster, 1996).

DAVID MARCOMBE is Senior Lecturer in Local History and Director of the Centre for Local History at the University of Nottingham. His books include: The Saint and the Swan: The Life and Times of St Hugh of Lincoln (Lincoln, 2000) and Leper Knights: The Order of St Lazarus of Jerusalem in England, c.1150–1544 (Woodbridge, 2003).

HELEN NICHOLSON is Reader in History at Cardiff University. Her books include: Love, War and the Grail: Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights in Medieval Epic and Romance 1150–1500 (Leiden, 2000) and Templars, Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights: Images of the Military Orders (Leicester, 1993).

JÜRGEN SARNOWSKY is Professor of Medieval History at the Universitat Hamburg. His extensive publications on the military orders include: Macht und Herrschaft im Johanniterorden des 15. Jahrhunderts (Münster, 2001) and Die Wirtschaftsführung des Deutschen Ordens in Preussen (1382–1454) (Cologne, 1993).

KLAUS VAN EICKELS is Professor of Medieval History at the Otto Friedrich-Universitat Bamberg. His recent research has focused on the Anglo-French relationship. His numerous publications on the Teutonic Knights include Die Deutschordensballei Koblenz und ihre wirtschaftliche Entwicklung im Spätmittelalter (Marburg 1995).

THERESA M. VANN is the Joseph S. Micallef curator at the Malta Study Centre of the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library at St John’s University in Collegeville, Minnesota. Her research focuses on the military orders as well as medieval Spain. Her publications include numerous articles as well as the collection Queens, Regents and Potentates (Dallas, 1993).

CHRISTIAN VOGEL is a Ph.D. candidate at Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf where he is working on a dissertation concerning the Templars’ legal history. His MA thesis dealt with the bishops in the metropolitan province of Narbonne at the time of the Albigensian Wars, 1179–1229, and is currently being prepared for publication.