Grammar and Poetry in Late Medieval and Early Modern Wales

The Transmission and Reception of the Welsh Bardic Grammars

Author(s) Michaela Jacques

Language: English

Genre(s): Literary Criticism, Medieval, Welsh and Celtic Studies, Language and Linguistics

  • March 2024 · 344 pages ·216x138mm

  • · Paperback - 9781837720996
  • · eBook - pdf - 9781837721009
  • · eBook - epub - 9781837721016

About The Book

The medieval Welsh bardic grammars were composed and transmitted during a period of intense social and political change in Wales. These documents, which contain both a highly Latinate description of the Welsh language and a treatment of the strict poetic metres, began their life as essentially vernacular artes poetriae. However, from the early fourteenth century to the end of the sixteenth, they were recopied and revised over and over by bards, bureaucrats, antiquarians, humanists, and the readers and reciters of poetry. At different times they served as practical handbooks, official regulatory documents and attempts to realign the Welsh texts with contemporary Latin and English scholarship. This book weaves a close textual analysis of the revisions made to the text into a broader consideration of the historical contexts that gave rise to each subsequent version. The resulting narrative offers insight into the development of Welsh bardic and scholarly practices over the course of two centuries.

Contents

List of Tables
List of Abbreviations
Acknowledgements

Introduction
I.Background
Latin and Vernacular Grammar
Latin and Bardic Education

II.The Bardic Grammars
Authorship
Date
Content
Versions
Manuscripts
III.This Book

Chapter 1: A Welsh ars poetriae
I.Order of Composition
II.Latin Context
III.The Peniarth 20 Revision

Chapter 2: Tools for Reading
I.Literate Orientation and Archaism
II.Grammatica and Scientia Interpretandi
III.The Vernacular Canon
IV.The Readers and Reciters of Poetry

Chapter 3: ‘Bardic’ Grammars
I.Cynghanedd
Peniarth 126
Llanstephan 55
Peniarth 161
II.Syllables and Diphthongs
Bangor 1
Peniarth 189
Llanstephan 55
III.Evidence from the Poetic Corpus

Chapter 4: Official Documents
I.The Eisteddfodau and the Statute of Gruffudd ap Cynan
II.Artificial Abbreviations
III.Cerdd Dafod and Cerdd Dant

Chapter 5: Bardic Humanism
I.Bards and Humanists
II.Salesbury’s Books and Lily’s Grammar
III.Renaissance Rhetoric
IV.The Return Ad Fontes

Conclusion

Appendix: Translation of the Red Book of Hergest
Notes on the translation

About the Author(s)

Author(s): Michaela Jacques

Michaela Jacques completed her PhD in Celtic Languages and Literatures at Harvard University (2020), and is a researcher in medieval and early modern Welsh literature and intellectual history.

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